Proton and other species transport measurements can be made either ex situ or in situ to the fuel cell. For in situ measurement we have several Bektech conductivities cells that can be used directly in fuel cell hardware and the proton conductivity measured by either AC or DC. For ex situ transport studies we make extensive use of the CSM NMR facility which has a 400 MHz solid state Varian NMR with magnetic field gradients and two pulse field gradient spin echo NMR probes:

Varian PFG probe